Translate

It may be necessary to replace each value in a field with a corresponding value that is determined by a fixed correspondence.

For example, suppose we want to change all of the lowercase letters in a character string to uppercase. Then:

 

Original:    ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Replacement: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

In order to accomplish the conversion in ASSEMBLER, a 256 byte table must be constructed. Each byte that should be replaced in the string has its new value put into the table.

 

TRANTAB  DC    X'000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F'
         DC    X'101112131415161718191A1B1C1D1E1F'
         ...
         ...
         DC    X'80C1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C98A8B8C8D8E8F'
         DC    X'90D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D99A9B9C9D9E9F'
         DC    X'A0A1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9AAABACADAEAF'
         DC    X'B0B1B2B3B4B5B6B7B8B9BABBBCBDBEBF'
         ...
         ...
         DC    X'F0F1F2F3F4F5F6F7F8F9FAFBFCFDFEFF'

If it's known that the string to be converted has only lowercase letters, then the table can be rewritten using the ORG statement:

 

TRANTAB2 DC    256X'00'
         ORG   TRANTAB2+C'a'
         DC    X'C1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9'
         ORG   TRANTAB2+C'j'
         DC    X'D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9'
         ORG   TRANTAB2+C's'
         DC    X'E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9'
         ORG

The instruction to implement this process in ASSEMBLER is:

 


Format: label    TR    D1(L,B1),D2(B2)

The L byte field specified by D1(B1) is translated using the translate table specified by D2(B2).

 

     TR    STRING(5),TRANTAB2    changes hello to HELLO
*                      changes 88 85 93 93 96 to C8 C5 D3 D3 D6
In storage:

STRING   DC    C'hello'       in hex => 8885939396
TRANTAB2 DC    256X'00'
         ORG   TRANTAB2+C'a'
         DC    X'C1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9'
         ORG   TRANTAB2+C'j'
         DC    X'D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9'
         ORG   TRANTAB2+C's'
         DC    X'E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9'
         ORG

Translate and Test

It may be necessary to locate the first occurrence of a character in a field.

 


Format: label    TRT   D1(L,B1),D2(B2)

The L byte field specified by D1(B1) is scanned for the character indicated in the translate table specified by D2(B2).

The TRT instruction does NOT alter the characters in the original field.

Each byte of the designated field is scanned until a character is found that corresponds to a value in the translate table that is not 00.

If no character is found, the condition code is set to 0.

If a character is found, the following occurs:

  1. The scanning terminates
  2. The last 3 bytes of register 1 is changed to the address of the detected character.
  3. The rightmost byte of register 2 is changed to the value from the translate table.
  4. If the character that is found is the last character of the field, the condition code is set to 2; otherwise, it is set to 1.
 

To find the first non-blank in the field specified by BUFFER,
we could

     XREAD BUFFER,80
     TRT   BUFFER(80),SCANTAB
     BZ    ALLBLANK

In storage:

BUFFER   DS    CL80
SCANTAB  DC    256X'FF'         All of the characters, except for
         ORG   SCANTAB+C' '       the space, are set to a non-zero
         DC    X'00'              value.
         ORG

Result:

If a non-blank is found, then:
   Register 1: last three bytes set to address of first non-blank
   Register 2: rightmost byte set to X'FF'
   Condition code is set to either 1 or 2
   Line after the branch instruction is executed

If no non-blank is found then:
   Register 1: unaltered
   Register 2: unaltered
   Condition code is set to 0
   Branch to ALLBLANK is taken


To find the first space in the field specified by BUFFER, we could

     XREAD BUFFER,80
     TRT   BUFFER(80),SPACETAB
     BZ    NOSPACES

In storage:

BUFFER   DS    CL80
SPACETAB DC    256X'00'        All characters, except for the space,
         ORG   SPACETAB+C' '      are set to zero.
         DC    X'FF'
         ORG



To find the first numeric digit or alphabetic character in the
field specified by BUFFER, we could


         SR    R2,R2
         XREAD BUFFER,80
         TRT   BUFFER(80),SCANTAB2
         B     BRTAB(R2)
BRTAB    B     NONE
         B     ALPHA
         B     DIGIT

In storage:

BUFFER   DS    CL80
SCANTAB2 DC    256X'00'
         ORG   SCANTAB2+C'A'      If alphabetic, set value in
         DC    9X'04'               register 2 to 04
         ORG   SCANTAB2+C'J'
         DC    9X'04'
         ORG   SCANTAB2+C'S'
         DC    8X'04'
         ORG   SCANTAB2+C'0'      If numeric, set value in
         DC    10X'08'              register 2 to 08
         ORG


Result:

If no alphabetic or numeric character is found, the value in
register 2 remains 0 and the branch to NONE is taken.

If an alphabetic character is found, the rightmost byte of
register 2 is set to 04 and the branch to ALPHA is taken.

If a numeric character is found, the rightmost byte of register 2
is set to 08 and the branch to DIGIT is taken.