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Besides the structure of the filesystem's implementation, a filesystem comes
  with a number of utilities for exploring and manipulating it. 

    listing. 

    copying, moving, creating.

    manipulating directory lists.

    setting ownership.

    setting access.

    auditing/managing storage.

    setting user quotas.

    defragmenting.

    checking, repairing filesystem and storage device integrity
      chkdisk, fsck, etc.

    backup/recovery.
      Backups should be stored on non-solid state drives.

    Journaling - protects integrity of file while it being changed.
      If power fails, at least original version and, possibly, both versions
         of file recoverable.

      When using SSD (solid-state), journaling can age drives faster, so
        it should be disabed. Also, if possible, turn off last access time
        stamping of files.
 
    Versioning - ability to roll back to previous state of OS.
      Used with updating/patching, 
      If patch fails or creates problems, roll back to working version. 

      Similar to backup but done at time of change automatically.

      Similar to revision control but automated and mostly used for OS.
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