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ISO - OSI  see : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso_osi

  International Standards Organization
  Open System Interconnection 
    Standard driven by phone companies (AT&T and European).
    Basic concept 1978, published 1984 (Ma Bell broken up in 1984).

  Broad description of a non-proprietary packet switched network.

  Physical Layer - electrical, physical technology

  Data Link Layer - bits and and formatting blocks of bits. 
    Physical/electrical hardware address of device.

  Network Layer - successful delivery individual blocks (frames) of data.
    Logical address of node.

  Transport Layer - converting files to sequences of frames and back.

  Session Layer - establish type of connection between two machines 
     ssh, ftp, http, etc.

  Presentation Layer - converts data to common syntax. 

  Application Layer - User interface to network.