1. What is the size if an IPv4 IP address?
   4 octets or 32 bits.

2. What is the size of an IPv6 IP address?
   16 octets or 128 bits.

3. What is the bit size of a port address?
   16 bits. values 0-65535 

4. Which IP protocol uses class based IP ranges?
   IPv4

5. Which IP protocol uses TTL (time to live) to track/guard against
lost packets as they are moved across the Internet?
   IPv4
  
6. Which IP protocol defines a fixed header size for its IP packet?
   IPv6

7. Which IP packet allows fragmenting of the IP packet across a particular hop?
   IPv4

8. Name the 4 levels of the TCP/IP architecture.
 
   Application 
   Transport  
   Network
   Datalink  

9. Which layer is the IP numbers processed in?
   Nework layer  

10. Which layer is the port number processed in?
  Transport layer
  
11. Which layer is the Mac address processed in?
   Datalink

12. Which layer is the Ethernet protocol realized in?
   Datalink

13. Name the 2 parts of an MAC# and give size of each.
  Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI). Can be used to ID manufacturer.

    1st 3 octets of number. 24 bits.

  Network Interface Controller (NIC) ID 
    2nd 3 octets of number. 24 bits.

14. Name the 2 parts of a IPv6 address.
  Network prefix - 1st 8 octets.

  Interface ID - 2nd 8 octets.
   * The Interface ID is sometimes broken up into 
      subnet ID:interface ID

15. Which protocol broadcasts data frames while monitoring for collisions?
  CSMA/CD, ethernet, IEEE 802.3

16. Which protocol broadcasts data frames after negotiating a reserved time for 
exclusive with access point?
  CSMA/CA, WiFi, 802.11

17. Which protocol avoids collisions by passing a special packet that grants a 
particular node a time period for transactions? Nodes linked in a physical ring.
  Token Ring, 802.5

18. Which protocol avoids collisions by passing a special packet that grants a 
particular node a time period for transactions? Nodes logically linked in a 
ring but physical layout may be a linear, star, or tree structure.
  Token bus, 802.4, Arcnet.

19. Which service port provides secure (encrypted) shell communication?
  Port 22
  
20. Which service port provides insecure (NO encryption) web page serving?
  Port 80

21. Which service port provides insecure (No encryption) shell communication?
  Port 23

22. Which service port provids secure (encrypted) web page serving?
  Port 443

23. Which service ports provide DHCP? 
  Ports 67, 68
  
24. Which ports are used for insecure ftp transmission?
  Ports 20, 21

25. Which port provides domain name resolution?
  Port 53

26. Which port provides secure access for sending email (SMTP)?
  Port 587 or Port 465

27. Which port provides secure access for receiving email via post office 
protocol?
  Port 995

28. Which port provides secure access for receiving email via IMAPS?
  Port 993

29. Which IP protocol uses hop count to track/guard against lost packets as 
they are moved across the Internet?
  IPv6

30. Name the signal protocol that uses one voltage level to represent a one and 
another to represent a zero.
  Non-return to zero (NRZ)

31. Name the signal protocol that uses a change in voltage level to represent a 
one and a lack of change in a given time period to represent a zero.
  Non-return to zero invert (NRZI)

32. Name the signal protocol that uses two different frequencies to represent
the 2 different values, zero and one.
  Frequency modulation

33. Name the signal protocol that uses a sharp change in the a carrier's wave
form to represent a one.
  Phase modulation

34. Name the signal protocol that imposed the data on a clock signal. A one
is transmitted when the carrier transistion is low to high or stays high and 
a zero when transition is high to low or stays low.
  Manchester encoding.

34. Name the signal protocol that imposed the data on a clock signal. If the
next bit is a one, there is not transition in signal level at the end of the
current clock cycle. If the next bit is zero, there is a transition in the 
signal level at the end of the current clock cycle.
  Differential manchester encoding.

36. Name the technique that encodes a series of sequential bits in a select 
longer sequence of bits so that the number of sequential zeros is limited.
  Run Length Limited 

37. Name the service that provides translation between Mac# and IP numbers.
  DHCP - dynamic host configuration protocol

38. Name the service that provides translation between an IP and user 
friendly domain name, e.g www.cs.niu.edu.
  DNS - Domain Name Service

39. In the DNS resolution hierarchy, the service run on the local node is the :
  resolver

40. The DNS database/servers at the very top of the DNS hierarchy are the :
  root servers.

41. The DNS database/servers that sit on the top of each branch, such as .com 
or .edu :
  top level domain servers.

42. TCP level packets are encapsulated in what structure when transmitted
across the network?
  TCP packets are placed in the IP packet. (inside IP packet)

43. IP level packets are encapsulated in what structure when transmitted
across the network?
  IP packets are placed inside the data-link frame (usually ethernet).
  (inside data-link frame)

44. data-link frames are encapsulated in what structure when transmitted
across the network?
  frames are outermost structure of transmission.

45. Once a data-link level frame is created, it is transmitted across all 
hops of the Internet without modification.
  NO,  False

46. ICMP packets are encapsulated inside an IP packet when transmitted.
  True

47. ICMP packets do not contain port information. 
  True

48. An IP that is assigned to the same node (same mac#) everytime is a :
  static IP

49. An IP that is picked from a pool of availble IPs and may be assigned 
to different nodes at different times is a :
  dynamic IP

50. The field that tells a node where the boundaries of the subnet resolution 
in the current domain is the :
  subnet mask.

51. What is the numeric range of the well known ports?
   0-1024 Well know ports

52. What is the numeric range of IANA registered ports?
   1025-49161  registered ports

53.  Where is the numeric range of ephermal ports (end user)?
   49162-65535.