Required Unix commands:

Help commands (to see the manual):

To find out the syntax and options for xxx:
man xxx

--

To redo a command:

use up-arrow to see recent cmds

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Quota commands:

How to determine your quota (in disk space and files):
quota -v

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Directory commands:

To create a new directory:
mkdir hw1

To remove a directory: Remove the files in it first.
rmdir hw1

To move to a child directory:
cd hw1

To move to the parent of a directory:
cd ..

To move to your home directory:
cd ~
or: cd ~z123456

To move to a sibling directory (i.e., directory moves can be stacked
to any degree desired):
Assuming you are in ~/hw1, you can move to ~/hw2 via
cd ../hw2

To find out what directory you are in (print working directory):
pwd

Note: . = current directory


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File listing commands:

To list all the files in the current directory in alphabetical order:
ls -Als | less

To list all the files in the current directory in reverse date/time
order:
ls -Alst | less

To find out all the options for 'ls' so you can pick your favorites:
man ls

"| less" pipes the output of ls into the file reader "less".

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'less' file lister commands:

space = page forward

b = page back

/xxx = search forward for xxx

man less = learn all the 'less' commands

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File maintenance commands:

Within a diretory:

To copy a file:
cp -i -p file1.txt file2.txt

To remove (delete) a file:
rm -i file1.txt

To rename a file:
mv -i file1.txt file2.txt


From one directory to another (some examples):

From the viewpoint of the parent directory:
cp -i -p hw1/file1.txt hw2/file2.txt

From the viewpoint of one of the sibling directories:
cp -i -p file1.txt ../hw2/file2.txt

If you don't want to change the name, you can omit it:
cp -i -p hw1/file1.txt hw2

** However, if hw2 does not exist, you will create a new file in the
current directory instead!

cp -i -p file1.txt ../hw2

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Protection commands:

File protections are uuugggwww where
u = user, g = group, w = world
4's position = read
2's position = update
1's position = execute (for a file), descend into it (for a directory)

chmod 600 file1.txt = I can read and update my file
chmod 644 file1.txt = I can read and update, other people can only read

chmod 700 dir1 = I have full use of my directory
chmod 711 dir1 = I can use my directory, you can descend into it
chmod 755 dir1 = I can use my directory, you can see what's in it

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emacs editor commands:

emacs pgm1.cc - start editor

C-x C-c = exit (will prompt for save)

C-x C-s = save


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Sample makefile (in fib1 directory):

  fib1: fib1.o
  <tab>g++ -Wall -o fib1 fib1.o

  fib1.o: fib1.cc
  <tab>g++ -Wall -c fib1.cc

  clean:
  <tab>-rm *.o fib1


To compile and link:
make fib1

To run:
./fib1

To clean up before submitting:
make clean

To submit:

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Additional useful Unix commands:

- cat -n -v -e -t

- cat |less

- diff

- I/O redirection

- I/O redirection with >> for append

- I/O redirection with &> or >>&

- piping

- csh alias

- csh history

- .cshrc

- set noclobber

- od options

- limit coresize 0

- touch core; chmod 000 core